City of Hope Pain & Palliative Care Resource Center

II.    Palliative Care/End-of-Life/Bereavement

This section includes book order forms, curriculum materials from a home care palliative education project, instruments used in end-of-life care, course syllabus on End-of-Life Care, and position statements from professional organizations.  Additional information on other resource centers on end-of-life care and information on educational programs such as the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) is also available.

      City of Hope Publications

1.      Grant, M., Elk, R., Ferrell, B. R., Morrison, R. S. & von Gunten, C. F. (2009). Current status of palliative care-clinical implementation, education, and research. CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 59(5), 327-335.

2.      Puchalski, C., Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Otis-Green, S., Baird, P., Bull, J, et. al. (2009). Improving the quality of spiritual care as a dimension of palliative care: The report of the consensus conference. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(10), 885-904.

3.      O' Mara, A. M., St. Germain, D., Ferrell, B. R., & Borneman, T. (2009). Challenges to and lessons learned from conducting palliative care research. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 37(3), 387-394.

4.      Otis-Green, S., Ferrell, B. R., Spolum, M., Uman, G., Mullan, P., Baird, P., Grant, M. (2009). An overview of the ACE project ~ Advocating for clinical excellence: Transdisciplinary palliative care education. Journal of Cancer Education, 24(2), 120-126.

5.      Ferrell, B. R., Levy, M. H., & Paice, J. (2008). Managing pain from advanced cancer in the palliative care setting. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 12(4), 575-581.

6.     Otis-Green, S., Lucas, S., Spolum. M., Ferrell, B. R.., & Grant, M. (2008). Promoting excellence in pain management and palliative care for social workers. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life and Palliative Care, 4(2), 120-134.

7.      Borneman, T., Koczywas, M., Cristea, M., Reckamp, K., Sun, V. & Ferrell, B. R. (2008). An interdisciplinary care approach for integration of palliative care in lung cancer. Clinical Lung Cancer. 9(6), 352-360.

8.      Ferrell, B. R., (2008). From research to practice: Quality of life assessment in medical oncology. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 6(6), 230-231.

9.      Ferrell, B., R. & Virani, R. (2008). National guidelines for palliative care: A roadmap for oncology nurses. Oncology Nurse edition, 22(2), 28-34.

10.      Sun, V., Ferrell, B. R., Juarez, G., Wagman, L. D., Yen, Y. & Chung, V. (2008). Symptoms concern and quality of life in hepatobiliary cancers. Oncology Nursing Forum, 32(3), 1-8.

11.      Paice, J. A., Ferrell, B. R., Coyle, N., Coyne, P., & Callaway, M. (2007). Global efforts to improve palliative care: The international end-of-life nursing education consortium training programme.  Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(2), 173-180.

12.      Malloy, P., Virani, R., Kelly, K., Jacobs, H. H., & Ferrell, B. R. (2008). Seven years and 50 courses later: End-of-life nursing education consortium continues commitment to provide excellent palliative care education. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 10(4), 233-239.

13.      Virani, R., Malloy, P., Ferrell, B. R., & Kelly, K. (2008).  Statewide efforts in promoting palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11(7), 991-996.

14.    Ferrell, B. R., Dahlin, C., Campbell, M., Paice, J., Malloy, P, Virani, R. (2007). End-of-life nursing education consortium (ELNEC) training programs: improving palliative care in critical care. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 30(3), 206-212.

15.    Podnos, Y., Borneman, T., Koczywas, M., Uman, G., & Ferrel, B. R. (2007). Symptom concerns and resource utilization in patients with lung cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 10(4), 899-903.

16.    Ferrell, B. R. (2007). End-of-life education for nurses. Medscape Today.

17.    Coyne, P., Paice, J., Ferrell, B. R., Malloy, P., Virani, R., & Fennimore, L. (2007). Oncology end-of-life nursing education consortium training program: improving palliative care in cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 34(4), 801-807.

18.    Ferrell, B. R., Connor, S. R., Cordes, A., Dahlin, C. M., Fine, P. G., Hutton, N., et. al. (2007). The national agenda for quality palliative care: the national consensus project and the national quality forum. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 33, 737-744.

19.    Grant, M., Hanson, J., Mullan, P., Spolum, M., & Ferrell, B. R. (2007). Disseminating end-of-life education to cancer centers: Overview of program and of evaluation.  Journal of Cancer Education, 22, 140-148.

20.    Ferrell, B. R. (2007). Meeting spiritual needs: What is an oncologist to do? Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(5), 467-468.

21.    Ferrell, B. R. (2007). On finding a balance. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 10(2), 309-312.

22.    Podnos, Y. D., Juarez, G., Pameijer, C., Uman, G. C., Ferrell, B. R., & Wagman, L. D. (2007). Impact of surgical palliation on quality of life in patients with advanced malignancy: results of the decision and outcomes in palliative surgery (DOPS) trial. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 14(2), 922-928.

23.    Podnos, Y. D., Juarez, G., Pameijer, C., Uman, G. C., Ferrell, G. R., & Wagman, L. D. (2007). Surgical palliation of advanced gastrointestinal tumors: results from the decision and outcomes in palliative surgery (DOPS) trial. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 10(4), 871-876.

24.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Malloy, P. (2006). Evaluation of the end-of-life nursing education consortium project in the USA. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 12(6), 269-276.

25.    Ferrell, B. R. (2006). Understanding the moral distress of nurses witnessing medically futile care. Oncology Nursing Forum, 33(5), 922-930.

26.    Otis-Green, S. (2006). Spiritual palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 9, 1477-1478.

27    Malloy, P., Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Uman, G., Rhome, A. M., Whitlatch, B., & Bednash, G. (2006). Evaluation of end-of-life nursing education for continuing education and clinical staff development educators. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 22(1), 31-36.

28.    Paice, J. A., Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., Malloy, P., & Rhome, A. (2006). Graduate nursing education regarding end-of-life care. Nursing Outlook, 54(1), 46-52.

29.    Paice, J. A., Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., Malloy, P., & Rhome, A. (2006). Appraisal of the graduate end-of-life nursing education consortium (ELNEC) training program. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(2), 353-360.

30.    Altilio, T. & Otis-Green, S. (2006). “Res ipsa loquitur”…It speaks for itself…Social work values, pain, and palliative care.. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 1(4), 3-6.

31.    Ferrell, B. R. (2005). Overview of the domains of variables relevant to end-of-life care.  Journal of Palliative Medicine, 8, Sup 1.

32.    Ersek, M., & Ferrell, B. R. (2005). Palliative care nursing education: opportunities for gerontological nurses. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 31(7), 1-7.

33.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., Rhome, A., et al.  (2005). Evaluation of the end-of-life nursing education consortium undergraduate faculty training program.  Journal of Palliative Medicine, 8(1), 107-114.

34.    Sherman, D., Matzo, M., Pitorak, E., Ferrell, B., & Malloy, P. (2005).  Preparation and care at the time of death: Content of the ELNEC curriculum and teaching strategies. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 21(3), 93-100.

35.    Lorenz, K., Lynn, J., Morton, S., Dy, S., Shugarman, L,. Wilkinson, A, Mularski, R., Sun, V. et al. (2005). Methodological approaches for a systematic review of end-of-life care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 8(Suppl 1), S4-11.

36.    Ferrell, B. (2004). Palliative care research: The need to construct paradigms. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 7(3), 408-410.

37.    Krouse, R. S. (2004). Surgical management of malignant bowel obstruction. Surgical Oncology Clinics N Am, 13(3), 479-490.

38.    Ferrell, B. R.  (2004). Palliative care: an essential aspect of quality cancer care. Surgical Oncology Clinics N Am, 13(3), 401-411.

39.    Sherman, D., Matzo, M., Coyne, P., Ferrell, B., & Penn, B. (2004). Teaching symptom management in end-of-life care.  Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 20(3), 103-115. 

40.    Matzo, M. L., Sherman, D. W., Penn, B., & Ferrell, B. R. (2003).  The end-of-life nursing education consortium (ELNEC) experience.  Nurse Educator, 28(6), 266-270.

41.    Virani, R. & Sofer, D. (2003). Improving the quality of end-of-life care: Making changes at every level.  American Journal of Nursing, 103(5), 52-60. 

42.   Matzo, M., Sherman, D., Sheehan, D., Ferrell, B., & Penn, B. (2003). Communication skills for end-of-life nursing care: Teaching strategies from the ELNEC curriculum.  Nursing Education Perspectives, 24(4), 176-183.

43.   Blair, S. L., Grant, M., Chu, D. Z., Cullinane, C., Dean, G., Schwarz, R. E., & Wagman, L. (2003). Quality of life in patients with colorectal metastasis and intrahepatic chemotherapy. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 10(2), 144-149.

44.    Ferrell, B. R. & Borneman, T. (2002).  Community implementation of home care palliative care education.  Cancer Practice, 10(1), 20-27.

45.    Matzo, M. L., Sherman, D. W., Mazanec, P., Barber, M. A., Virani, R. & McLaughlin, M. M. (2002). Teaching cultural considerations at the end-of-life: End-of-life nursing education consortium program recommendations.  Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 33(6), 270-278.

46.    Otis-Green, S., Sherman, R., Perez, M. & Baird, P. (2002).  An integrated psychosocial spiritual model for cancer pain management.  Cancer Practice, Special Issue: Issues in cancer pain management: Models of success, 10(Supp. 1), 58-65.

47.    Ferrell, B. R., & Coyle, N. (2002). An overview of palliative nursing care. American Journal of Nursing. 102 (5), 26-31.

48.    McCahill, L., Ferrell, B. R. & Virani, R. (2001). Improving cancer care at the end-of-life.  The Lancet Oncology, 2(February 2001), 103-108.

49.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., Coyne, P. & Uman, G. (2000). Dignity in dying.  Nursing Management, 31(9), 52-57.

50.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., Coyne, P. & Uman, G. (2000). Beyond the supreme court decision: Nursing perspectives on end-of-life care.  Oncology Nursing Forum, 27(3), 445-455. 

51.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., & Juarez, G. (2000). Analysis of palliative care content in nursing textbooks.  Journal of Palliative Care, 16(1), 39-47. 

52.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., & Rhome, A. (2000). End-of-life issues and nursing education.  National Student Nurses’ Association/Imprint, 47(2), 43-45.

53.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Grant, M., Vallerand, A., & McCaffery, M. (2000). Analysis of pain content in nursing textbooks.  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 19(3), 216-228. 

54.    Ferrell, B., Virani, R., Grant, M., Coyne, P., & Uman, G. (2000). End-of-life care: Nurses speak out.  Nursing2000, 30(7), 54-57.

55.    Ferrell, B. R., & Virani, R. (2000). Nursing responds to the demand for improved end-of-life care.  American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 17(3), 150-151.

56.    Ferrell, B. R., Grant, M., & Virani, R. (1999). Strengthening nursing education to improve end-of-life care.  Nursing Outlook, 47(6), 252-256. 

57.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Grant, M. (1999). Analysis of end-of-life content in nursing textbooks.  Oncology Nursing Forum, 6(5), 869-876. 

58.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Grant, M. (1999). Analysis of symptom assessment and management content in nursing textbooks. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 2(2), 161-172. 

59.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Grant, M. (1999). Review of communication and family caregiver content in nursing texts. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 1(3), 97-107. 

60.     Ferrell, B., R., Virani, R., Grant, M., & Borneman, T. (1999). Analysis of content regarding death and bereavement in nursing texts. Psycho-Oncology, 8(6), 500-510. 

61.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Grant, M. (1998). HOPE: Home care Outreach for Palliative care Education.  Cancer Practice, 6(2), 79-85.  

62.    Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Grant, M. (1998). Improving end-of-life care education in home care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 1(1),11-19.   1                                                                                                                           
63.    Ferrell, B. R.  (1998). End-of-life care. Nursing 98, 28(9), 58-60.

       
     Recommended Publications

1.      Making Health Care Whole: Integrating Spirituality into Patient Care
         -        Puchalski, C. M., & Ferrell, B. R. (2010). PA: Templeton Press. ISBN: 9781599473505.             

2.      Living with Grief: Diversity and End-of-Life Care
          -     Doka, K. J. & Tucci, A. S. (2009). DC: Hospice Foundation of America.  ISBN #: 1893349101.

3.      Palliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End-of -Life, 3^rd Edition
         -     Matzo, M., & Sherman, D.  (2009).  NY: Springer Publishing Company.  ISBN #: 9780826157911.    

4.      Pain Management: The Resource Guide for Home Health & Hospice Nurses 
         -     Long. C. O. & Morgan, B. M. (2008). MD: Hopkins Medical Products. ISBN #: 0978886518.

5.     Conversations in Palliative Care, 2^nd Edition
        -      Panke, J.T., & Coyne, P. (2006). PA: Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association. ISBN #:  9781934654.         

6.      A National Framework and Preferred Practices for Palliative and Hospice Care Quality
          -    Corrigan, J. M.  (2006). DC: National Quality Forum. ISBN #: 1933875062.

7.      Handbook of Health Social Work
         -    Gehlert, S. & Browne, T. (2006). NY: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: #0471714313.    

8.      Principles and Practice of Palliative Care and Supportive Oncology, 3^rd Edition
          -      Berger, A., Portenoy, R., & Weissman, D. (2006).  MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.  ISBN #: 0781733243.Living With

9.      A National Framework and Preferred Practices for Palliative and Hospice Care Quality
         -     Corrigan, J. M. (2006). DC: National Quality Forum. ISBN #: 1933875062.              

10.      Living With Dying: A Handbook for End-of-Life Healthcare Practitioners
         -     Berzoff, J.,  & Silverman, P. (2004). NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN #: 0231127944.

11.    A Cancer Sourcebook for Nurses, 8^th Edition
         -     Varricchio, C. G., Ades, T. B., Hinds, P. S., & Pierce, M. (2004). GA: American Cancer Society and Jones &  Bartlett.
               ISBN # 0763732761.   

12.    Hospice and Palliative Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice 
         -     Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association.  (2002). MD: American Nurses Association. ISBN #: 1558102078.  

13.    Terminal Illness: A Guide to Nursing Care, 2^nd Edition
         -     Kemp, C. (2002). MD: JB Lippincott Company. ISBN #: 0781717728. 

14.    Oxford University Press Books
          Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing
          -        Ferrell, B. R., & Coyle, N. (2010) NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195391349.
         The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Nursing
          -     Ferrell, B., & Coyle, N. (2008). NY: Oxford University Press.  ISBN #: 0195333128.
         Textbook of Palliative Nursing, 2^nd Edition 
          -        Ferrell, B. & Coyle, N. (2006).  NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN #: 0195175492.              
       Please check the Oxford University Press Online Catalog and search "Palliative Care" for more books.  

                  
      Educational Materials/Curriculum

1.      BioMed Central (BMC) Palliative Care
          -      An online journal publishing research articles after full peer review.  A few of the articles available:
                 1.       Consensus Guidelines on Analgesia and Sedation in Dying Intensive Care Unit Patients
                 2.     Family Meetings in Palliative Care: Multidisciplinary Clinical Practice 
                 3.     Quality of Life at the End of Life                     
                 4.     Sedation in Palliative Care – a critical analysis of 7 years experience.  

2.      Care of the Dying Patient - Video Listing
          -      This project, funded by the Project on Death in America, is a listing of more than 250 videos recommended for use in palliative care education.  Compiled by Marianne Matzo, RN, PhD, FAAN.

3.      Certificate in Bereavement
          -      This certificate is recommended for students who wish to supplement an existing graduate degree in counseling, psychology, or social work (or related degree) with clinical knowledge and expertise in their work with grieving persons and families.  It is also available as a cognate for students pursuing the master’s degree in hospice education at Madonna University.  

4.      Completing a Life: A Resource for Taking Charge, Finding Comfort, Reaching Closure
          -      An interactive CD inviting patients and families to learn about the practical, emotional, spiritual, and medical issues faced by those dealing with advanced illness. The CD is available through the Instructional Media Center, at Michigan State University at (517) 353-9229.

5.      Core Curriculum for the Advanced Practice Hospice and Palliative Nurse
         -          The goal of the curriculum is to provide a foundation of knowledge from which APNs can practice palliative care including advanced skills, management of complex life-limiting, progressive issues and special clinical issues.

6.      Education in Palliative and  End-of-Life Care (EPEC)
         -     Ordering information and description of a train the trainer program designed to educate physicians in the essential clinical competencies in end-of-life care. Program supported by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.  

7.     End-of-Life Care: Improving Communication Skills to Enhance Palliative Care  
         -     Learn the differences between hospice and palliative care, and how to communicate with patients and families to learn their end-of-life wishes.  CE credits offered by Medscape Nurses without fee for this Web-based continuing education program. (One time-free registration required to access Medscape.)

8.    End-of-Life: Exploring Death in America
          -      Presents information on the "End-of-Life" series from National Public Radio (NPR). Includes an audio file and transcripts from the programs. Highlights issues such as coping with death, palliative medicine, grief and bereavement, funerals, reincarnation, and funeral homes. Includes a list of resources for people with life-threatening diseases and their families. Contains a bibliography of books and journal articles dealing with terminal illness, bereavement, grief, and medical and social policy relating to the care of the terminally ill. 

9.      End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) Project: Advancing End-of-Life Nursing Care
          -      A comprehensive national education program to improve end-of-life care by nurses. 

10.    Fact Sheets - American Psychological Association
         -    End-of-Life Care
         -    Culturally Diverse Communities and End-of-Life Care

11.    Fact Sheets – International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)
         -    Pain and Symptom Management During the Final Days of Life

12.    Finding Our Way: Living with Dying in America
         -      The Finding Our Way national public education initiative focused on bringing practical information to the American public
regarding end-of-life and its surrounding issues.    It presents the real-life experiences of Americans who have courageously struggled to find their personal answers to some of life's toughest questions.  Included are 15 downloadable articles that are also available in Chinese and Spanish, an Online Community and a Community Action Group.          

13.    Home Care Outreach for Palliative Care Education (HOPE) 2001 curriculum materials ($60.00/copy)
         -         The training material includes a 300-page syllabus including participant outlines, detailed faculty teaching outlines, PowerPoint slides, and extensive handout materials.  

14.    Instruments Used in End-of-Life Care Education, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 
         -      A collection of instruments currently in use by City of Hope Investigators to assess staff knowledge and needs to improve end-of-life care. Curriculum Survey for Nursing Schools; Clinical Nurse Survey; Home Care/Hospice Agencies; Home Care Nurses and HHAs; Knowledge Assessment for Nurses; Knowledge Assessment for HHA’s; Chart Audit Tool; Case Analysis Form.  

15.    Palliative Sedation Resources
         -     BioMed Central (BMC) Palliative Care is an online journal publishing research articles after full peer review.
                The following articles are available:
                1.       Sedation in Palliative Care – a critical analysis of 7 years experience.  
                2.     Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients.      
         -      Calgary Regional Health Authority Clinical Practice Guideline for Palliative Sedation
         -      Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Position Statement on Palliative Sedation at End of Life
         -        Position Statement on Palliative Sedation - American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine

16.    PC-FACS (Fast Article Critical Summaries for Clinicians in Palliative Care) – American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (AAHPM)
          -    A monthly electronic publication that provides palliative care clinicians with concise summaries of important findings from more than 50 medical and scientific journals.              

17.    Quality Care at the End-of-Life Survey – City of Hope, Duarte, CA
         -   This survey was designed based on the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care guidelines and used at the City of Hope as a tool for assessing quality care. Users are invited to adapt and use it in their own  institutions to assess the quality of care provided and to measure the institution’s performance in comparison with national guidelines.            

18.    Tool-Kit for Nursing Excellence at End-of-Life Transition (TNEEL)
         -    TNEEL is a  package of electronic tools for palliative care education. Principal investigator, Diana Wilkie, PhD, RN, AOCN, FAAN, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

19.    Your Guide to Creating an Outpatient Palliative Care Program
         -      This online toolkit gives you a step-by-step guide on how you can create an innovative outpatient palliative care program.  

      
     Guidelines/Clinical Pathways

1.      A National Framework and Preferred Practices for Palliative and Hospice Care Quality
         -     This National Quality Forum report endorses a framework for palliative and hospice care that is intended to be the first step in developing a comprehensive quality measurement and reporting system for palliative care and hospice services and preferred practices designed to improve palliative and hospice care. 

2.      Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care          
       -    The National Consensus Project (NCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care represent consensus achieved among nationally recognized experts on voluntary, evidence-based guidelines to ensure quality and consistency of care. The guidelines can be downloaded from the website.

3.      Consensus Statement: Palliative and Supportive Care in Advanced Heart Failure
         -        The statement is the result of a consensus conference in which experts and leaders in the field worked to define the important knowledge gaps with regards to palliative care and advanced heart failure.  The statement outlines future research objectives that can guide this field of study.

4.      End-Stage Renal Disease Workgroup Report
          -     Clinicians and researchers working with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can now access an important palliative care resource online.  Promoting Excellence announces the availability of “Completing the Continuum of Nephrology Care – the End-Stage Renal Disease Peer Workgroup Recommendations to the Field” at its web site.  The report presents the methods, findings, recommendations and products of the ESRD Workgroup sponsored by the Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care Project. 

5.       Guidelines for the Assessment of Bereavement Risk in Family Members of People Receiving Palliative Care
          -     These Centre for Palliative Care guidelines aim to assist providers of services to families of dying people to identify family members at risk of complicated bereavement outcomes based on best available evidence.

6.      Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care
         -      Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) convened to hold a conversation on the state of palliative care advanced practice nursing in the United States, to identify gaps in and barriers to that practice and to develop strategies for the future.    
         -      A special series of articles describing the experiences and exciting results of 22 innovative projects funded by Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care have been published in The Journal of Palliative Medicine. The articles, edited by Ira Byock, Promoting Excellence Director, are included in the Innovations section of the journal. 

        
      Other Organizational Links   

       Position Statements/Standards

1.       A position statement from American Nursing Leaders
          -     Advanced Practice Nurses Role in Palliative Care           

2.       American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
          -    Access to Palliative Care and Hospice
          -    Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care
          -    Palliative Sedation 

3.       American Nurses Association Position Statements
          -    Assisted Suicide 
          -    Nursing and the Patient Self-Determination Acts
          -    Nursing Care and Do-Not-Resuscitate Decisions
          -    Foregoing Nutrition and Hydration   
          -    Privacy and Confidentiality           

4 .     American Psychological Association (APA) Fact Sheets 
         -     Fact Sheet on End-of-Life Care
         -     Culturally Diverse Communities and End-of-Life Care     

5.      American Society of Pain Management Nurses (ASPMN) Position Statements
         The other position statements  are listed throughout the PRC website. The above link has all the position statements.
         -     Assisted Suicide 
         -     Pain Management at the End-of-Life      

6.      Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (HPNA) Position Statements 
         -     Artificial Nutrition and Hydration in End-of-Life Care
         -     Complementary Therapies in Palliative Care Nursing Practice
         -     Evidence-Based Practice
         -     Legalization of Assisted Suicide
         -     Pain Management
         -       Palliative Sedation at End-of-Life
         -       Providing Opioids at the End-of-Life
       -     Spiritual Care
         -     Value of Nursing Certification
         -       Value of Professional Nurse in End-of-Life Care    
         -     The Value of Nursing Assistant in End-of-Life Care

7.      NHPCO Task Force Statement on the Ethics of Hospice Participation in Research
         -    This task force statement discusses the important of hospices' potential contributions to research and describes way in which characteristics of hospice patients, and hospices' structure, create ethical challenges that may limit these contributions.  It concludes by proposing ways in which hospices and national professional organizations can begin to overcome some of these challenges. 

8.      Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) and Association of Oncology Social Work (AOSW) Joint Position Statement
         -     End-of-Life Care            

9.     Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) and Geriatric Oncology Consortium Join Position Statement
         -      Cancer Care in the Older Adult

10.    Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Position Statements - 23 Position Statements
         -    Cancer Pain Management
         -    End-of-Life Care
         -    The Nurse's Responsibility to the Patient Requesting Assisted Suicide
         -    Quality Cancer Care